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Interactions among free-living prokaryotes and protists in microbial communities
Jirouchová, Kateřina ; Pánek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Fiala, Ivan (referee)
Protists and prokaryotes live in the natural environment in complex microbial communities whose members interact with each other. These communities consist of a few to many species that interact with each other in many ways such as predation/prey, ecto/endosymbiosis, parasitism, modulation of development or behaviour and harmful algicidal/bactericidal interactions, resulting in a complex network of interactions that influence structure of the microbial community as well as metabolism and behaviour of present species. This bachelor thesis is an overview of the interactions between free-living protists and prokaryotes within microbial communities, excluding well-studied interactions such as predation, parasitism, and ecto/endosymbiosis, while focusing on the diversity of lesser- known interactions, highlighting their importance and future research opportunities.
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Microbial community in sediments of a stream contaminated by pharmaceuticals
Brťková, Hana ; Cajthaml, Tomáš (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Pharmaceuticals are micropollutants, that enter the environment mainly through Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). In this work microbial community has been studied in sediments of a stream, which is located near a WWTP. This sediment is contaminated with pharmaceuticals. The subject of this thesis was to determine the presence of pharmaceuticals and microbial community in this study site and to point out possible relationships between these factors. Twelve pharmaceuticals were identified at concentrations reaching levels of ng/g. The concentrations of the compounds form a gradient that decreases with the distance from WWTP. Microbial biomass was estimated using the analysis of phospholipid fatty acids and microbial community was described using next-generation DNA sequencing. The analysis of phospholipid fatty acids pointed out, that with the increasing distance from WWTP the amount of microbial biomass decreases. DNA sequencing revealed large microbial diversity in the studied sediment. For evaluation of the relationship between the microbial community and pharmaceuticals in the stream sediment, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used. The result of PCA showed, that in the stream sediment (depth 10-30 cm), Betaproteobacteria negatively correlated with triclosan and Clostridia negatively...
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Soil enzyme activities and microbial communities as bio indicators for soil recovery, health and quality in forest ecosystem in south Moravian region of the Czech Republic =: Půdní enzymové aktivity a mikrobiálních komunit jako bioindikátorů pro obnova půdy, zdraví a kvalita v dubových lesích v jihomoravském regionu České republiky /
Ananbeh, Hanadi Abd Alrahman Ali
Forest ecosystem in Europe has been affected by the anthropogenic activities for many decades. Coppicing was the most commonly used forest management practice in Europe and the coppice forests were abandoned or converted into high forests from the beginning of 20th century. In general, anthropogenic activities including forest management (especially biomass harvesting) cause modifications in soil chemical, biochemical, and biological properties that subsequently affects the soil health and quality which may affect the soil ecosystem functions including the climate change. However, all forests harvesting practices might have adverse effects on soil properties, but their abandoned or conversion into high forests can have positive impact on their recovery. The present thesis highlights the assessing of soil functionality, health and quality in differently managed sessile oak forest in the south Moravian region of the Czech Republic using soil enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity as bio indicators for soil health and qualityy. In addition, this work proved the potential of soil proteins as antimicrobial agent against multi-resistant microbial pathogens (i.e. methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus MRSA) using different experimental protocols. Our results provide evidence that the past intensive management system such as coppicing contributed to organic matter depletion in the soil and the abandonment of these forests has improved the overall situation, by reducing the side effects of the management within long time period and help the soil recovery under the extensively managed coppiced forest. On the other hand, the soil proteins extracted from the coppiced forest showed higher potential as antimicrobial agent than the soil proteins extracted from the high forest. This result provides strong evidence that the management practices affect the microbial community composition, structure, and function due to the changes in the micro and macroclimatic conditions in the managed site.
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Importance of fungal decomposition of wood in the ecosystems of natural forests
Štercová, Lucie ; Baldrian, Petr (advisor) ; Kolařík, Miroslav (referee)
The decomposition of organic substrates represents an important part of the global carbon cycle and affects its global change through CO2 release. In temperate forests, deadwood represents a large carbon stock, its amount and decomposition is crucial for ecosystem biodiversity and functioning. The fungi are omnipresent powerful decayers in all terrestrial ecosystems. Their ability to decompose all deadwood compounds, mainly lignocellulose, is highly important. Without fungi, the wood decompositions and the release of withheld nutrients back to nutrient cycles couldn't be performed. While many studies were concerned with the estimation of decomposition rates of deadwood, still deeper knowledge about microbial decomposition processes and the diversity of saproxylic species and their interaction is needed. The fungi are still underrepresented in dead wood studies. This study had two main objectives. First was to describe the fungal community on downed deadwood of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba in natural forest of Salajka in the Czech Republic, to reflect the substrate changes during the different decay stages, and to link the enzyme activities to fungal community composition and their described ecophysiologies. Second aim was to describe the fungal communities on standing and downed dead logs of...
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